How To Get Residency In Portugal: Complete Guide to Every Pathway (2026)
D7, D8, Golden Visa + every other legal route explained
Portugal just doubled its citizenship timeline from 5 years to 10.
Parliament approved the change in October 2025, and while it’s currently suspended pending Constitutional Court review, the message is clear:
If you are planning to move to Portugal, the rules are shifting.
The Golden Visa no longer offers real estate investment. The NHR tax program ended in 2024. And people who have been in Portugal for 4 years under the old rules might suddenly need 6 more.
But here’s what hasn’t changed:
Portugal still offers multiple clear pathways to residency, no matter where you are from. You don’t need €500,000. You don’t need a job offer. You just need to understand which visa matches your situation.
What we’ll cover today:
All major visa pathways (D7, D8, Golden Visa, and 5 others)
How to choose the right one based on your income and goals
What the 2025 citizenship changes actually mean for you
Let’s break it down.
Which Portugal Visa Is Right For You?
Portugal offers multiple residency pathways, but choosing the wrong one means wasted time, money, and potentially starting over.
Here’s how to quickly decide between the 8 we are covering today:
If you have passive income (pension, rental income, dividends, investment returns): → D7 Visa. Requires only €870/month base income. Best for retirees and landlords.
If you work remotely or freelance: → D8 Digital Nomad Visa. Requires €3,480/month income from foreign sources. Cannot work for Portuguese companies.
If you have €500,000+ to invest: → Golden Visa. Minimal physical presence (7 days/year), but real estate option eliminated. Now requires investment funds.
If you are starting a business in Portugal: → D2 Entrepreneur Visa. Requires business plan and proof of funds.
If you have a job offer from a Portuguese company (skilled worker): → D3 Highly Qualified Professional Visa. For skilled workers with employment contracts.
If you have a job offer from a Portuguese company (general employment): → D1 Work Visa. Your employer must prove no Portuguese or EU citizen can fill the role.
If you are enrolled in a Portuguese university: → Student Visa. Can lead to residency after studies if you find employment.
If you have family already in Portugal with residency: → D6 Family Reunification Visa. For joining spouse, parent, or child with legal status.
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Quick comparison
Here is how the visa types compare side-by-side:
The most common decision: D7 vs D8.
If your income is passive (you are not actively working for it), choose D7. If you are actively earning through work, choose D8.
We’ll break down all 8 pathways in detail below.
D7 Visa: Passive Income / Retirement
The D7 is Portugal’s most accessible residency pathway. €870/month in passive income, and you qualify.
What counts as passive income
Pensions (government or private)
Rental income
Dividends
Royalties
Interest from savings
Social Security
Important
You are not actively working for it. It comes from assets, investments, or past work. If you are actively working (salary, freelancing, remote employment) that’s D8 territory.
If you are bringing family, the income requirement goes up.
Single: €870/month. Spouse adds 50% (€435 more). Each child adds 30% (€261). Family of four needs €1,510/month.
Physical presence
First 2 years: 16 months minimum in Portugal
Years 3-5: 28 months per 3-year period
Can’t be absent 6+ consecutive months
This isn’t a “fly in twice a year” (like e.g. UAE) visa.
You actually live there.
Timeline
Apply at Portuguese consulate (60 days)
Enter on 4-month D7 visa
Get 2-year residence permit from AIMA
Renew for 3 years
Permanent residency or citizenship after 5 years
Who it’s for
Retirees with pensions. Landlords with rental income. Investors living off dividends. Anyone with stable passive income who wants to spend most of the year in Portugal.
Who it’s not for
Remote workers with active jobs (use D8). People who can’t be there 8+ months/year.
Example: Maria, 62, gets $2,500/month from her pension. Rents her California house for $1,800/month. Total: $4,300/month passive. She moves to Porto, spends 9 months/year there. After 5 years, permanent residency (if rules don’t keep changing).
D8 Visa: Digital Nomad / Remote Work
The D8 is for people who work remotely. You need €3,480/month income from foreign sources.
What qualifies
Remote employment with a foreign company
Freelancing for international clients
Self-employment with foreign income
Contract work from outside Portugal
What doesn’t qualify
Working for Portuguese companies. Your income must come from outside Portugal.
Income requirements
Monthly income: €3,480/month (€41,760/year)
Savings requirement: €10,440 minimum in bank account
Adding family: Income stays €3,480/month, but savings increase
Savings with family: €10,440 base + €5,220 per adult + €3,132 per child
Example: A couple with one child needs €3,480/month income AND €18,792 in savings
Physical presence matters here too, but differently than D7. If you want to maintain tax residency and ensure smooth renewals, plan on 183+ days per year in Portugal. You can technically be there less, but renewals can get complicated and you might lose tax benefits.
Two D8 options
Temporary stay visa: 1 year, non-renewable, no path to residency. For testing Portugal short-term.
Residence visa: 4-month entry visa, then 2-year residence permit, renewable for 3 more years. This leads to permanent residency after 5 years. Most people choose this.
Timeline
Apply at Portuguese consulate (30-60 days)
Enter Portugal on 4-month D8 visa
Apply for 2-year residence permit with AIMA
Renew for 3 more years (after 2 years)
Apply for permanent residency or citizenship (after 5 years)
Who it’s for
Remote employees working for foreign companies, freelancers with international clients, digital nomads with strong active income. Anyone earning €3,480+/month from work done outside Portugal who wants to actually live there.
Who it’s not for
People with only passive income (use D7 instead), anyone wanting to work for Portuguese companies, people who can’t meet the €3,480/month threshold, people who won’t spend meaningful time in Portugal.
Example: John freelances for US tech companies, making $5,000/month from various contracts. He applies for D8 residence visa, moves to Lisbon, works from cafés and co-working spaces. Spends 200+ days per year in Portugal. After 5 years of renewals, he applies for permanent residency.
Golden Visa: Investment
The Golden Visa requires capital. Minimum €500,000 in investment funds.
What qualifies
€500,000 in approved investment funds (most common)
€500,000 in scientific research
€500,000 to create company + 5 permanent jobs
€250,000 in cultural/artistic production (rare, hard to source)
What doesn’t qualify
Real estate. Portugal eliminated the property investment route in October 2023. The €500K fund investment is now the practical path for most people.
Investment requirements
Minimum: €500,000 in qualifying funds
Fund lockup: 5-7 years typical
Management fees: 1-2% per year
Must be CMVM-approved funds investing 60%+ in Portuguese companies
Physical presence
First year: 7 days in Portugal.
Every 2 years after: 14 days total.
That’s roughly 7 days per year average and represents one of the greatest benefits of the Golden Visa.
Processing time
8-12 months currently. AIMA has significant backlogs. Some 2022-2023 applicants just getting biometric appointments in 2025.
Timeline
Choose and invest in qualifying fund
Apply for Golden Visa (8-12 months processing)
Get 2-year residence permit
Renew for 2-year periods
Permanent residency after 5 years, citizenship after 5-10 years
Who it’s for
High-net-worth individuals with €500K+ liquid capital who want EU access without living in Portugal full-time. People who value flexibility over actually residing there. Investors comfortable with fund lockups and market risk.
Who it’s not for
People who want to actually live in Portugal (D7/D8 better and cheaper), anyone who doesn’t have €500K liquid to invest, people who want to control their investment directly, anyone looking for “property purchase = residency” (that’s gone).
Example: Sarah has €600K from selling her business. She invests €500K in a qualifying Portuguese venture capital fund, applies for Golden Visa. Visits Portugal 10 days per year, maintains her life in London. After 5 years, permanent residency. After 10 years (if new law passes), citizenship.
Other Pathways
Portugal offers additional pathways beyond D7, D8, and Golden Visa.
Most won’t apply to you, as these are for specific situations like starting a business, having a job offer, or joining family already in Portugal. But if one of these matches your situation, they’re worth understanding.
Here’s what else exists.
D2 Entrepreneur Visa
For people starting or buying a business in Portugal.
Requires detailed business plan, proof of funds to sustain the business and yourself, and registration with Portuguese authorities. Timeline and requirements similar to D7. Good if you are launching a startup or buying an existing Portuguese business.
D3 Highly Qualified Professional Visa
For skilled workers with job offers from Portuguese companies.
Your employer handles most paperwork. Requires employment contract, proof of qualifications, and meeting minimum salary thresholds. Standard work visa—nothing special here compared to other EU countries.
D1 Work Visa
General employment visa for non-highly-qualified jobs. Your employer needs to prove no Portuguese or EU citizen can fill the role. More bureaucratic than D3.
Student Visa
If you are enrolled in a Portuguese university. Leads to residency after studies if you find employment. Not a primary immigration pathway for most people.
Family Reunification (D6)
For joining family members already holding Portuguese residency.
Straightforward if your spouse, parent, or child has legal status in Portugal.
The reality
95% of you will use D7, D8, or Golden Visa. The others exist but serve specific situations such as active business ownership, employment, or family ties.
What Just Changed
Parliament approved major changes to Portugal’s citizenship law in October 2025.
The new rules would extend the residency requirement from 5 years to 10 years for most people (7 years for EU and Portuguese-speaking country citizens).
But here’s the critical part:
The law isn’t active yet.
The Socialist Party requested a Constitutional Court review on November 13, which immediately suspended the law. This is only the third time this mechanism has been used in the Court’s 42-year history. Until the Court rules, the current 5-year citizenship timeline remains in effect.
What the new law would change
10-year residency requirement (instead of 5) for most nationalities
7-year requirement for EU and CPLP citizens
Clock starts from residence card issuance (not application date)
New civic knowledge test required
Stricter “real ties” assessment
Who’s protected if the law passes
Applications filed before the law takes effect should process under the old 5-year rule. But the transition provisions are unclear, which is part of why constitutional scholars flagged the law as potentially unconstitutional.
What to do now
If you are eligible for citizenship under current rules, apply immediately. The 5-year path is still valid today.
If you are planning to move to Portugal, assume the 10-year timeline for planning purposes. Hope for 5, plan for 10.
If you are already in Portugal with 3-4 years of residency, track the Constitutional Court decision closely. You may want to accelerate your citizenship application if the old rules remain available.
The “AIMA delay problem”
Even without the law change, there is another issue.
Portugal’s immigration agency (AIMA) has massive backlogs. Some people who applied for residency in 2022-2023 are only now getting biometric appointments in 2026.
This matters because if the new law passes and the clock starts from residence card issuance (not application), processing delays could add 1-2 years to your citizenship timeline.
Recent positive development
AIMA accelerated Golden Visa biometric scheduling in late 2025, with most 2022-2025 applicants receiving appointments for early 2026.
What Actually Happens When You Apply
The visa application process follows the same basic steps regardless of which pathway you choose.
Before you arrive
Get a Portuguese tax number (NIF). You can apply online through the tax authority website or use a tax representative. You need this for everything—bank accounts, rental contracts, residence applications.
Gather your documents. Birth certificate, marriage certificate (if applicable), police clearance from your home country, proof of income or investment, health insurance. Everything needs apostille certification and official Portuguese translation.
After you arrive in Portugal
Apply for your residence permit with AIMA (Portugal’s immigration agency) within 60-90 days of arrival, depending on your visa type. Book your biometric appointment online through the AIMA portal.
Attend your biometric appointment. Bring all original documents, passport, proof of legal entry to Portugal, and any documents AIMA specifically requested. They’ll take fingerprints and photos.
Wait for your residence card. This is where AIMA delays happen. Official timeline is 60-90 days. Reality in 2025: 6-12 months for most visa types, sometimes longer.
Conclusion
That’s it.
Portugal offers clear pathways to residency for almost anyone. The key is matching your income situation to the right visa.
Three takeaways:
D7, D8 and Golden Visa is most common. D7 if you have passive income (€870/month minimum). D8 if you work remotely (€3,480/month minimum). Golden Visa if you have €500K+ to invest and want minimal time in Portugal.
The citizenship timeline might extend from 5 to 10 years, but the law is suspended pending Constitutional Court review. The 5-year path is still active today.
AIMA has backlogs. Processing takes longer than official timelines suggest. Plan accordingly.
Next step
If you are ready to move, choose your visa pathway and start gathering documents.
If you are still deciding, the Decision Framework section shows you which option fits your situation.
If Portugal is not a fit, you can check if 23 other visas might work for you here.
And for 74 long-term visa programs, you can check the (free) Visa Checker App.
Portugal isn’t going anywhere.
But if the 5-year citizenship path matters to you, the current rules won’t last forever.
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Appreciate you being here,
— Ben
PS
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PPS
Also check out Kim’s Substack, she lives in Porto and has on-the-ground experience and insights.
Thank you for front loading the two top options! 😍 And the amount of time needed in country... much easier to decide "yes" or "no". 👍👍
Very helpful, can you do one on Spain also?