3 Fastest Ways to Get Legal EU Residency (Without Citizenship)
These 3 options get you into Europe fast and legally.
Welcome to Digital Citizen 👋
After building businesses across multiple countries, one thing became clear. Success is not tied to one system, one location, or one way of thinking.
In today’s world, you can design life on your terms. Globally, intelligently, and with intention.
Digital Citizen is your guide to living smarter, working freely, and navigating a borderless world with clarity.
Subscribe to join a growing community of independent minds building a future without permission.
Not everyone is chasing a second passport
Some are remote workers tired of 10-hour time zone shifts. Others are early retirees looking for better weather and healthcare. Many simply want a legal base in Europe without committing to long immigration queues, complex citizenship paths, or expensive golden visa programs.
The good news is you don’t need to marry in, make a half-million euro investment, or wait a decade to call Europe home.
Today, several EU countries offer fast, legal residency options for people who want to live in Europe without becoming citizens. Those are official government programs designed for modern realities: remote work, flexible living, and global mobility.
In this post, we explore the three fastest and most realistic EU residency paths that do not require citizenship.
For each one, you will find:
A breakdown of what the visa offers
Who it is best suited for
Processing time and key benefits
How to apply, step by step
If you want to relocate to Europe legally and quickly, without locking yourself into a long-term immigration path, this is for you.
Some Key Terms
Before looking at the fastest residency paths, it is important to understand what these residencies offer and what they do not.
These key terms help set expectations.
Residency vs Citizenship
Residency means you are legally allowed to live in the country. You can rent property, access some public services, and often travel within the Schengen Zone. Citizenship, on the other hand, gives you a passport, full rights, and a deeper legal connection to the country. It usually takes years of continuous presence, language exams, and integration steps.
This article focuses entirely on residency, not citizenship.
Temporary vs Permanent Residency
Most people start with temporary residency, valid for 6 to 12 months and renewable.
After several years of continuous legal residence in many EU countries, you may qualify for permanent residency. This offers more long-term security and fewer conditions. Some programs eventually lead to citizenship, but again, that is not the focus here.
Tax Residency
Getting a residence permit does not automatically make you a tax resident, but it can if you stay too long. In most EU countries, if you stay more than 183 days per year, you become a tax resident and may need to declare your global income. Some visas are designed to avoid this. Others, like Portugal’s, may trigger tax residency but come with beneficial tax regimes.
What “Fast” Means in This Context
Fast means that your application can be approved within 30 to 60 days, without major investments or bureaucratic hurdles. You do not need to buy property, start a business, or learn the local language.
A Note on “Residency” and Digital Nomad Visas
In this article, “residency” refers to any visa or permit that allows you to legally live in an EU country beyond the 90-day tourist limit. Some options are technically long-stay visas (like Estonia’s digital nomad visa), while others are residence permits. Not all of them lead to permanent residency, but all three options allow for medium-term legal stay without citizenship.
Now let’s have a look …
Residency Path 1: Estonia Digital Nomad Visa
Overview
Estonia was one of the first countries in the world to officially recognise the digital nomad lifestyle. In 2020, it introduced a dedicated visa that allows remote workers to legally live in Estonia while working for companies or clients outside the country. This is a true work-from-anywhere program backed by one of the EU’s most digitally advanced governments.
Who It’s For
This visa is ideal for freelancers, startup founders, and remote employees who want a low-bureaucracy, short-term European base without triggering tax residency.
Requirements
You must work remotely for a company or clients based outside Estonia
You need to prove a minimum monthly income of 3,500 EUR (before taxes)
You must have a valid health insurance policy
You need a clean criminal record and a valid passport
You can work as an employee, freelancer, or business owner
Processing Time
Around 30 to 45 days from the time you submit your application at an Estonian embassy or consulate
Benefits
Clear rules and digital-first application process
No need to become a tax resident if you stay less than 183 days
Ability to live legally in the EU with access to Schengen travel
Low cost of living compared to other Western European countries
Estonia’s e-residency program can complement this visa for managing your business
Downsides
The visa is valid for one year and can be extended once
No path to permanent residency or citizenship
Family members cannot be included on the same application
Estonia is cold and dark in the winter, which might not suit everyone
How to Apply
Prepare Documents
Gather proof of remote work (employment contract, client invoices, company ownership documents), proof of income, bank statements, valid health insurance, and your passport.Complete Application Form
Download and fill out the long-stay visa application form (form D). This is available on the Estonian Ministry of Foreign Affairs website.Submit Your Application
Book an appointment at an Estonian embassy or consulate. Submit your application in person, along with supporting documents and a visa fee (typically 80 to 100 EUR).Wait for Processing
Applications are usually reviewed within 30 to 45 days. In some cases, additional documents or interviews may be requested.Collect Your Visa
Once approved, you will be notified to collect your visa. You can then travel to Estonia and begin your legal stay.
Residency Path 2: Croatia Digital Nomad Residence
Overview
Croatia launched its digital nomad residence program in 2021 to attract remote workers seeking a European base with relaxed lifestyle, low costs, and tax advantages. Unlike many other countries, Croatia’s law specifically allows digital nomads to live in the country without becoming tax residents, as long as they work for companies or clients outside Croatia.
Who It’s For
Ideal for solo remote workers, freelancers, or business owners who want to live in Europe short-term without triggering tax obligations or committing to long-term integration.
Requirements
Remote work for a foreign employer or clients outside Croatia
Proof of income of approximately 2,300 euros per month
Croatian address (rental or ownership agreement)
Valid health insurance for your stay
Criminal background check from your home country
Proof of clean legal status and purpose of stay
Processing Time
Usually 30 to 45 days, and you can apply online or in-country
Benefits
No income tax liability in Croatia during the visa period
Fast and flexible application process
Warm climate, Mediterranean lifestyle, and growing digital nomad community
Includes spouse and children on a single application
Low cost of living compared to Western Europe
Downsides
Valid for up to 12 months and not renewable
No path to permanent residency or citizenship
No work allowed for Croatian companies
Requires proof of accommodation for the full stay in advance
How to Apply
Prepare Documents
Gather your passport, proof of remote work (such as an employment contract, business registration, or client documentation), proof of income (bank statements or payslips showing at least €2,300/month), a rental contract or accommodation confirmation in Croatia, a background check from your country of residence, and valid health insurance for the full stay.Choose Application Method
You can apply either online through the Croatian Ministry of the Interior website or in person at a Croatian consulate abroad or police station inside Croatia.Submit Your Application
Upload or submit all required documents, pay the visa fee (usually between €60 and €100 depending on application location), and complete the formal application process.Wait for Processing
Most applications are processed in 30 to 45 days. Authorities may request clarification or additional documents.Register Your Address
Once in Croatia, visit the local police station within 3 days to register your residence at your Croatian address.Collect Your Residence Card
You will receive a biometric residence permit valid for up to 12 months, allowing you to stay in Croatia legally as a digital nomad.
Residency Path 3: Portugal D8 Visa (Remote Worker or Passive Income)
Overview
Portugal’s D8 visa, formerly known as the D7, is one of the most popular and accessible EU residency options for non-EU citizens. Originally created for passive income earners like retirees, the updated D8 category now includes remote workers and freelancers as well.
Unlike digital nomad visas, this is a true residency permit that can lead to permanent residency and citizenship over time.
Who It’s For
Ideal for remote workers, freelancers, digital business owners, or early retirees who want a long-term legal base in Europe with full access to public services and family inclusion.
Requirements
Proof of stable monthly income (minimum around €820, but higher is safer for approval)
Portuguese NIF (tax number) and a Portuguese bank account
Rental contract or accommodation in Portugal
Valid health insurance or Portuguese public coverage
Background check from your country of residence
Declaration of purpose: remote work or financial self-sufficiency
Processing Time
Around 60 days, depending on embassy wait times and SEF (immigration office) scheduling
Benefits
Renewable residence permit with a clear path to permanent residency and citizenship
Schengen access and legal stay in Portugal
Spouse and children can be included in your application
Access to Portuguese healthcare and banking
Flexible for both remote workers and passive income earners
Popular expat destinations with vibrant communities (Lisbon, Porto, Algarve)
Downsides
Requires establishing ties to Portugal, including address and bank setup
Triggers Portuguese tax residency if you stay over 183 days per year
Bureaucracy can be slow, especially with current SEF backlog
You must renew the permit after the first two years, then again after three
How to Apply
Prepare Documents
Collect your valid passport, proof of income (such as bank statements, remote work contracts, or passive income documentation), Portuguese tax number (NIF), and a Portuguese bank account statement.Most applicants open the bank account remotely through a local lawyer or relocation service using power of attorney. Alternatively, some choose to visit Portugal briefly before applying to open the account in person.
You’ll also need a rental agreement in Portugal, valid health insurance (private or proof of public coverage eligibility), and a background check from your country of residence.
Apply at Your Local Portuguese Consulate
Book an appointment at the consulate in your home country. Submit all documents along with the visa application form and pay the fee (usually €90–120).Wait for Visa Approval
The consulate will issue a temporary visa valid for four months, allowing you to enter Portugal and finalize your residency.Enter Portugal and Register with SEF
After arrival, attend your appointment with the immigration authority (SEF) to provide biometrics and finalize your two-year residency permit.Receive Your Residency Card
Once approved, you will receive a biometric residence card valid for two years. This can be renewed and eventually upgraded to permanent residency after five years.
Comparison Table: 3 Residency Paths
If you're unsure which of the three options fits your situation best, this table offers a quick overview. It compares the core factors that matter most, including income requirements, processing speed, tax implications, and whether the visa can lead to long-term residency or include your family.
Use it as a reference point before diving deeper into your preferred path.
Choosing the Right Option for You
Each of these three residency paths serves a different kind of lifestyle and long-term goal. While all are fast and legal ways to live in the EU, they differ in what they offer beyond the initial approval.
Here’s how to choose based on your situation:
If you want speed, simplicity, and minimal bureaucracy
Estonia is the cleanest option. It’s ideal for remote workers who want a low-maintenance EU base for up to a year, without triggering tax residency. However, it’s not suitable for families or long-term settlement.
If you want a temporary EU stay without tax obligations
Croatia offers a sweet spot: low income requirements, tax-free living for remote workers, and family inclusion. It’s great for a one-year lifestyle experiment in Europe, but not a stepping stone to permanent residency.
If you're looking to relocate long-term
Portugal is the most future-proof option. Though it requires more setup (bank account, tax number, housing contract), it offers a real path to permanent residency and citizenship. It’s suitable for both solo remote workers and families ready to establish deeper roots in Europe.
Other factors to consider
Weather and lifestyle: coastal Croatia vs. tech-driven Estonia vs. cultural Portugal
Language barriers: Portugal offers widespread English fluency
Application logistics: Estonia and Croatia allow online or remote applications, Portugal requires consular steps and often legal assistance
Budget: Portugal’s cost of living is moderate, Croatia is lower, Estonia is higher
The right choice depends on whether you're optimising for speed, lifestyle, family inclusion, or long-term settlement.
Things To Keep In Mind
If you’re planning a move, it’s important to go in with your eyes open.
Here are the most common issues applicants face:
Unclear or incomplete documentation
Most delays and rejections come down to paperwork. Inconsistent income records, missing background checks, or unverified accommodation are frequent issues. Make sure everything matches, is translated if required, and includes official stamps or notarization where needed.
Tax surprises
Staying in the country too long can trigger tax residency, especially in Portugal. That could mean declaring global income and facing unexpected obligations. Understand the 183-day rule and plan accordingly.
Non-renewable status
Visas like Estonia’s and Croatia’s are time-limited and do not lead to permanent residency. They are ideal for short- to mid-term stays, but not for anyone hoping to build long-term ties to Europe.
Accommodation challenges
Several of these visas require proof of long-term housing before you even apply. In tight rental markets like Lisbon or Split, this can be tricky (and scams are common). Always verify listings and consider working with a relocation agency or trusted local contact.
Slow bureaucracy
In countries like Portugal, official processes can take longer than expected. Appointments may be delayed, systems change (like the SEF restructuring), and timelines often stretch. Be patient and leave buffer time in your relocation plan.
Changes in visa policy
Governments occasionally tighten or revise these visa categories, especially as demand grows. Always check the most recent requirements and avoid relying on outdated blog posts or hearsay.
TL;DR
These three options offer a fast and legal way to live in Europe without pursuing citizenship.
Estonia works if you want simplicity and speed.
Croatia is perfect for a temporary escape with no tax ties.
Portugal offers the full package, if you're ready for the paperwork.
If you’re looking for a change of pace, a legal base, or a new chapter abroad, residency is more accessible than ever. The next step is simply choosing the path that fits you best.
If you liked this, you might also like …
Thanks for reading and see you soon! ❤️
If you’re enjoying Digital Citizen, tap ❤️ and 🔄 at the top to help more curious minds find their way here. It means a lot.
Why?
The EU has been taken over by communists, pedophiles, and jihadists. Why would I want to live there? Smh